11/6/2022 0 Comments Fiwi classified![]() Pathogen transmission from wild boar to domestic swine has been documented and wild boar have been suspected to be the source of infection for an AD outbreak in domestic pigs in France. However, it is widely recognized that free-ranging wild boar can act as an ADV reservoir and it is of concern that transmission from wild boar to domestic swine could occur. In agreement with these observations, a study conducted in Spain suggested that ADV seroprevalences in domestic pigs are not directly linked to ADV seroprevalences of wild boar in the same region. Characterized isolates of ADV from wild boar mostly belong to the genotype I and are of low virulence, whereas those from domestic swine mostly belong to the genotype II. Experimental infections of wild boar with ADV showed that clinical signs depend on the virulence of the strain and the viral dose. A negative impact of ADV infections on free-ranging wild boar populations has not yet been demonstrated, except for two reported AD outbreaks. Higher primates including humans are not susceptible to ADV. Most other mammals (ungulates, carnivores, lagomorphs and rodents) are susceptible to infection but they represent dead-end hosts and die from infection. ![]() In domestic swine the virus leads to varying clinical courses including high mortality and disorders of the respiratory, reproductive and central nervous systems. The only natural hosts of the virus are Suidae ( Sus scrofa scrofa) including domestic swine, wild boar and their hybrids. Suid Herpesvirus 1 or Pseudorabies virus), a Varicellovirus of the Herpesviridae family, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. ![]() ĪD is caused by Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV) (syn. In several European countries and North America AD does not occur in domestic swine owing to successful eradication programs. Considering the disparity of seroprevalences in wild boar in Europe, the fact that seroprevalences in Switzerland and other countries have decreased despite increasing wild boar densities and the knowledge that stress leads to the reactivation of latent ADV with subsequent excretion and transmission, we hypothesize that not only animal density but a range of factors leading to stress - such as management - might play a crucial role in the dynamics of ADV infections.Īujeszky’s disease (AD) or Pseudorabies is an economically important disease of domestic swine that causes substantial losses to the pig industry worldwide, due to decrease of productivity and trade restrictions. The seroprevalence of ADV in wild boar in Switzerland belongs among the lowest documented in Europe. We were unable to identify a general temporal trend of ADV seroprevalence at European scale. ![]() By contrast, an “island” of low to medium seroprevalences is observed in the centre of Europe with few isolated foci of high seroprevalences. The literature review revealed that high to very high ADV seroprevalences are reported from Mediterranean and Central-eastern countries. This is significantly lower than the prevalence of a previous survey in 2004–2005. Seven out of 1,228 wild boar sera were positive for antibodies against ADV, resulting in an estimated seroprevalence of 0.57 % (95 % confidence interval CI: 0.32–0.96 %). To set our data in the European context, we reviewed scientific publications on ADV serosurveys in Europe for two time periods (1995–20–2014). We tested wild boar sera collected from 2008–2013 with a commercial ELISA for antibodies against ADV. Since high animal densities have been proposed to be one of the major factors influencing ADV seroprevalence in wild boar populations and wild boar abundance has increased in Switzerland, too, a re-evaluation of the ADV status was required in wild boar in Switzerland. In parallel to the increase of wild boar abundance in the past decades, an increase of exposure to the Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV) has been reported in wild boar in several parts of Europe. ![]()
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